Must be something else they can build from, such as stone or clay for bricks. It would pay to sell off some of that livestock (since they’re going to freeze anyway) and use the money for building materials. There the next generation of livestock might be able to multiply instead of dropping dead.
Deb, In most area the livestock are grazing on free range areas. Few people own large portions of land. They simple herd the livestock out onto the open range, many miles from home, to where there is food for the animals. They then continually herd the animals across vast areas constantly seeking fresh grass. There is no ability to build and utilize structures. Welcome to the third world life style.
There seems to be a direct link between low solar activity and the number of volcanoes.
I read some time ago that over 75% of super volcanoes happen in Grand Solar Minimum.
Please read: “While severe weather conditions in Kazakhstan have historically posed risks to animals, reports of large numbers of livestock “frozen to death” in recent years often stem from viral videos that are staged or fake.
Videos that gained traction around early 2021 and 2023, which appeared to show animals frozen solid while in motion, were determined by veterinarians to be hoaxes. Experts noted that animals freezing to death would naturally curl up and fall asleep, not freeze in an upright or walking position. The videos likely used animals that were already dead and positioned them for filming.
However, animals in Kazakhstan do face real dangers from extreme weather conditions, which can lead to death:”
Not just Kazakhstan. A few years back a lot of horses froze in some Scandinavian country — I think it was Denmark — and a lot of cattle froze in some Northwestern states in the US. Considering the massive financial losses, I just don’t understand the widespread lack of shelter from severe weather. Not to mention the lack of compassion for the animals.
Animals feed on the open ranges. Having them in a pen or a shelter for weeks, they will starve. These are poor people in a poor country. They have no feed store nearby; nor money to buy feed. Whenever is their opportunity to profit from the livestock, I do not know but I imagine it is not so easy in the dead of winter.
They live as they can, taking their chances with the winter weather.
“The National Science Foundation will be breaking up the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado,” [Russ] Vought wrote. *“This facility is one of the largest sources of climate alarmism in the country.* A comprehensive review is underway & any vital activities such as weather research will be moved to another entity or location.”
Since 1985, there has been a climatic cooling in progress by about 1.6 F over land areas in the Northern Hemisphere. The cooling is very significant (as mentioned by the earlier article labeled “Karakoram Has Cooled ≈1C Since The 1980s.” This is the same trend occurring across land areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, we can expect an even more steep climatic cooling in coming decades. It is cold shocks, record snow accumulation and climatic cooling, (as we’re seeing in recent decades) that cause climatic hardships, starvation and deaths…
With the Petermann glacier advancing at 1.4 miles per year in Greenland since 2012 is another example of this trend, along with rapid ice accumulation in Antarctica in the last several decades and increasing sea ice extent in both polar regions.
The cooling trend is undeniable……..
There is no need to look further.
The researchers look at the data, rub their eyes, and look again. Then they look at each other with a surprised expression on their faces as TSI data is rapidly decreasing.
The researchers conclude that the decreasing TSI data is due to the TSIS-1 Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) instrument having broken down.
The researchers stop publishing TSI data because TSIS-1 has incorrect values.
This must be the reason that solar TSI data has stopped updating after December 4, 2025.
I asked AI:
Solar TSI (Total Solar Irradiance) is the total amount of solar energy (sunlight, UV, infrared) from the Sun reaching Earth’s atmosphere, measured in Watts per square meter (W/m²), crucial for Earth’s climate, though it’s not a constant but fluctuates with solar activity like sunspots and faculae. Satellites continuously measure TSI to understand its variations, which range from minutes to decades, providing vital data for climate science, with current averages around 1361-1367 W/m².
I can’t find any information about TSIS-1 being broken.
The scientists are probably trying to reboot TSIS-1 and recalibrate it. That’s why there’s no information about what happened to TSIS-1 yet.
I asked AI why the TSI was higher On December 1, 2025 and lower On December 4, 2025 and received the following answer:
The high value of 1362.2077 W/m² on December 1, 2025, was instead driven by faculae and plages.
Why the TSI was so high on December 1:
Facular Brightening: Faculae are bright, hot magnetic areas that surround sunspot groups. While sunspots dim the Sun, the surrounding faculae increase its total irradiance.
Net Brightening Effect: During the solar maximum in late 2025, the brightening from faculae typically exceeds the dimming from sunspots. On December 1, the collective area of bright regions on the solar disk outweighed the dark sunspots, resulting in a higher-than-average TSI.
Solar Cycle Peak: December 2025 is near the peak of Solar Cycle 25. At this stage, the Sun is at its most active and generally its brightest because it is heavily populated by these bright magnetic networks.
The Contrast with December 4:
The drop you noticed a few days later (to 1360.7031) occurred because those massive sunspot groups—specifically AR 4294-96—had rotated into a position where their dark centers blocked more energy than the surrounding bright faculae could replace.
In summary, the high reading on December 1 was caused by the bright magnetic regions (faculae) that accompany solar activity, not the sunspots themselves.
For how many days will the TSI value be lower due to the massive sunspot groups—specifically AR 4294-96?
The Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) value will typically remain lower for approximately 10 to 14 days as a large sunspot group like AR 4294-96 transits the visible side of the Sun.
Specific factors determining this duration include:
Solar Rotation: The Sun rotates approximately once every 27 days. An active region is typically visible on the Earth-facing side for about half of that rotation—roughly 13 days.
Transit Period: Large, complex sunspot groups like AR 4294-96, which was first detected emerging in late November and rotated clearly into view on December 1, 2025, typically take about two weeks to move from the Sun’s eastern limb to its western limb.
Peak Dimming: The strongest dimming effect occurs when the sunspot group is near the center of the solar disk (as it was around December 4-6, 2025), where its projected area is largest from Earth’s perspective.
Gradual Recovery: By December 9, 2025, AR 4294 and AR 4296 were reported nearing the solar limb (the edge of the visible disk). As they rotate out of view, the TSI value should gradually recover and even increase as the bright faculae surrounding the spots become the dominant feature on the disk.
If these massive groups survive their transit on the far side of the Sun, they may return to influence TSI again in approximately 27 days during the next rotation.
When the TSI values from the TSIS-1 instrument began to drop rapidly, scientists thought the instrument had broken down and turned it off. When a large sunspot was the cause of the TSI values starting to drop.
If you look in the TSI data file “column”:
Full Mission Data Download Files.
There are 15 columns in the data file.
2 columns are for TSI data:
Column 5: Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) at 1-AU, W/m^2
Column 10: Total Solar Irradiance at Earth distance, W/m^2
1-AU means 1 Astronomical Unit = 149,597,871 kilometers.
Earth distance means the distance of the Earth from the Sun.
1-AU is a fixed distance from the Sun.
Earth distance is a varying distance from the Sun due to the ovality of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun.
The TSI values for 1-AU and Earth distance are calculated using mathematical formulas.
I like to understand how things work.
Do you also like to understand how things work?
If you look in the TSI data file at Column 10: Total Solar Irradiance at Earth distance.
Compare the data in column 10 with the Earth’s perihelion and aphelion.
You will find that TSI is higher at perihelion and lower at aphelion.
This is because the Earth’s distance from the Sun is greater at aphelion.
Perihelion
2025 Jan 04 13:28 0.9833274 AU 5607 km
2026 Jan 03 17:16 0.9833021 AU 1815 km
Aphelion
2025 Jul 03 19:55 1.0166437 AU -9957 km 367.53 days
2026 Jul 06 17:31 1.0166440 AU -9920 km 364.16 days
GROK: What is the likely location of the unknown tropical volcanic eruption in 1809?
ANSWER: The most probable region is the southwestern Pacific Ocean, particularly between Indonesia and Tonga (including areas like the Rabaul caldera in Papua New Guinea or submarine volcanoes near Tonga, such as Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai).
Interesting is the mention of Hunga Tonga as a possibility, given the climatic effects following the 2022 eruption.
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It’s always the poor livestock. You’d think that if people want to raise livestock, they’d invest in some shelters.
Deb wood is a rare commodity in that region unlike us here in Rural America.😢
Must be something else they can build from, such as stone or clay for bricks. It would pay to sell off some of that livestock (since they’re going to freeze anyway) and use the money for building materials. There the next generation of livestock might be able to multiply instead of dropping dead.
Deb, In most area the livestock are grazing on free range areas. Few people own large portions of land. They simple herd the livestock out onto the open range, many miles from home, to where there is food for the animals. They then continually herd the animals across vast areas constantly seeking fresh grass. There is no ability to build and utilize structures. Welcome to the third world life style.
There seems to be a direct link between low solar activity and the number of volcanoes.
I read some time ago that over 75% of super volcanoes happen in Grand Solar Minimum.
Earths magnetic ‘shield’ weakens so more energy gets deep into the magma below. Think the movie 2012.
Please read: “While severe weather conditions in Kazakhstan have historically posed risks to animals, reports of large numbers of livestock “frozen to death” in recent years often stem from viral videos that are staged or fake.
Videos that gained traction around early 2021 and 2023, which appeared to show animals frozen solid while in motion, were determined by veterinarians to be hoaxes. Experts noted that animals freezing to death would naturally curl up and fall asleep, not freeze in an upright or walking position. The videos likely used animals that were already dead and positioned them for filming.
However, animals in Kazakhstan do face real dangers from extreme weather conditions, which can lead to death:”
Not just Kazakhstan. A few years back a lot of horses froze in some Scandinavian country — I think it was Denmark — and a lot of cattle froze in some Northwestern states in the US. Considering the massive financial losses, I just don’t understand the widespread lack of shelter from severe weather. Not to mention the lack of compassion for the animals.
Animals feed on the open ranges. Having them in a pen or a shelter for weeks, they will starve. These are poor people in a poor country. They have no feed store nearby; nor money to buy feed. Whenever is their opportunity to profit from the livestock, I do not know but I imagine it is not so easy in the dead of winter.
They live as they can, taking their chances with the winter weather.
The US and Denmark are not third world countries. Not yet anyway. They could probably order barns on Amazon.
ARTICLE
Trump administration plans to break up largest federal climate research center
https://www.nbcnews.com/science/climate-change/trump-administration-break-climate-research-center-ncar-rcna249668
“The National Science Foundation will be breaking up the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado,” [Russ] Vought wrote. *“This facility is one of the largest sources of climate alarmism in the country.* A comprehensive review is underway & any vital activities such as weather research will be moved to another entity or location.”
Since 1985, there has been a climatic cooling in progress by about 1.6 F over land areas in the Northern Hemisphere. The cooling is very significant (as mentioned by the earlier article labeled “Karakoram Has Cooled ≈1C Since The 1980s.” This is the same trend occurring across land areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, we can expect an even more steep climatic cooling in coming decades. It is cold shocks, record snow accumulation and climatic cooling, (as we’re seeing in recent decades) that cause climatic hardships, starvation and deaths…
With the Petermann glacier advancing at 1.4 miles per year in Greenland since 2012 is another example of this trend, along with rapid ice accumulation in Antarctica in the last several decades and increasing sea ice extent in both polar regions.
The cooling trend is undeniable……..
There is no need to look further.
Now I’m starting to understand.
The researchers look at the data, rub their eyes, and look again. Then they look at each other with a surprised expression on their faces as TSI data is rapidly decreasing.
The researchers conclude that the decreasing TSI data is due to the TSIS-1 Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) instrument having broken down.
The researchers stop publishing TSI data because TSIS-1 has incorrect values.
This must be the reason that solar TSI data has stopped updating after December 4, 2025.
The latest TSIS-1 data available:
Daily
20251130.500 1362.4159
20251201.500 1362.2077
20251202.500 0.0000
20251203.500 1361.0488
20251204.500 1360.7031
6-Hourly
20251203.375 1361.1368
20251203.625 1360.9707
20251203.875 1360.8522
20251204.125 1360.7067
20251204.375 1360.6887
https://lasp.colorado.edu/tsis/data/
Have the scientists correctly concluded that TSIS-1 has broken down?
Or is the Sun’s TSI value rapidly decreasing?
What the heck is TSI?
I asked AI:
Solar TSI (Total Solar Irradiance) is the total amount of solar energy (sunlight, UV, infrared) from the Sun reaching Earth’s atmosphere, measured in Watts per square meter (W/m²), crucial for Earth’s climate, though it’s not a constant but fluctuates with solar activity like sunspots and faculae. Satellites continuously measure TSI to understand its variations, which range from minutes to decades, providing vital data for climate science, with current averages around 1361-1367 W/m².
Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor – 1.
https://science.nasa.gov/mission/tsis-1/
I can’t find any information about TSIS-1 being broken.
The scientists are probably trying to reboot TSIS-1 and recalibrate it. That’s why there’s no information about what happened to TSIS-1 yet.
I asked AI why the TSI was higher On December 1, 2025 and lower On December 4, 2025 and received the following answer:
The high value of 1362.2077 W/m² on December 1, 2025, was instead driven by faculae and plages.
Why the TSI was so high on December 1:
Facular Brightening: Faculae are bright, hot magnetic areas that surround sunspot groups. While sunspots dim the Sun, the surrounding faculae increase its total irradiance.
Net Brightening Effect: During the solar maximum in late 2025, the brightening from faculae typically exceeds the dimming from sunspots. On December 1, the collective area of bright regions on the solar disk outweighed the dark sunspots, resulting in a higher-than-average TSI.
Solar Cycle Peak: December 2025 is near the peak of Solar Cycle 25. At this stage, the Sun is at its most active and generally its brightest because it is heavily populated by these bright magnetic networks.
The Contrast with December 4:
The drop you noticed a few days later (to 1360.7031) occurred because those massive sunspot groups—specifically AR 4294-96—had rotated into a position where their dark centers blocked more energy than the surrounding bright faculae could replace.
In summary, the high reading on December 1 was caused by the bright magnetic regions (faculae) that accompany solar activity, not the sunspots themselves.
Is the AI conclusion correct?
I asked a follow-up question to AI:
For how many days will the TSI value be lower due to the massive sunspot groups—specifically AR 4294-96?
The Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) value will typically remain lower for approximately 10 to 14 days as a large sunspot group like AR 4294-96 transits the visible side of the Sun.
Specific factors determining this duration include:
Solar Rotation: The Sun rotates approximately once every 27 days. An active region is typically visible on the Earth-facing side for about half of that rotation—roughly 13 days.
Transit Period: Large, complex sunspot groups like AR 4294-96, which was first detected emerging in late November and rotated clearly into view on December 1, 2025, typically take about two weeks to move from the Sun’s eastern limb to its western limb.
Peak Dimming: The strongest dimming effect occurs when the sunspot group is near the center of the solar disk (as it was around December 4-6, 2025), where its projected area is largest from Earth’s perspective.
Gradual Recovery: By December 9, 2025, AR 4294 and AR 4296 were reported nearing the solar limb (the edge of the visible disk). As they rotate out of view, the TSI value should gradually recover and even increase as the bright faculae surrounding the spots become the dominant feature on the disk.
If these massive groups survive their transit on the far side of the Sun, they may return to influence TSI again in approximately 27 days during the next rotation.
Thank you.
When the TSI values from the TSIS-1 instrument began to drop rapidly, scientists thought the instrument had broken down and turned it off. When a large sunspot was the cause of the TSI values starting to drop.
Yes, we just had an abnormally large sunspot group go across the sun.
If you look in the TSI data file “column”:
Full Mission Data Download Files.
There are 15 columns in the data file.
2 columns are for TSI data:
Column 5: Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) at 1-AU, W/m^2
Column 10: Total Solar Irradiance at Earth distance, W/m^2
1-AU means 1 Astronomical Unit = 149,597,871 kilometers.
Earth distance means the distance of the Earth from the Sun.
1-AU is a fixed distance from the Sun.
Earth distance is a varying distance from the Sun due to the ovality of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun.
The TSI values for 1-AU and Earth distance are calculated using mathematical formulas.
Total Solar Irradiance (TSI)
Full Mission Data Download Files
https://lasp.colorado.edu/tsis/data/
I have wondered before how long it takes for a sunspot to transit the Sun. Now I know it’s 13 days.
I like to understand how things work.
Do you also like to understand how things work?
If you look in the TSI data file at Column 10: Total Solar Irradiance at Earth distance.
Compare the data in column 10 with the Earth’s perihelion and aphelion.
You will find that TSI is higher at perihelion and lower at aphelion.
This is because the Earth’s distance from the Sun is greater at aphelion.
Perihelion
2025 Jan 04 13:28 0.9833274 AU 5607 km
2026 Jan 03 17:16 0.9833021 AU 1815 km
Aphelion
2025 Jul 03 19:55 1.0166437 AU -9957 km 367.53 days
2026 Jul 06 17:31 1.0166440 AU -9920 km 364.16 days
Earth at Perihelion and Aphelion: 2001 to 2050
https://www.astropixels.com/ephemeris/perap/perap2001.html
GROK: What is the likely location of the unknown tropical volcanic eruption in 1809?
ANSWER: The most probable region is the southwestern Pacific Ocean, particularly between Indonesia and Tonga (including areas like the Rabaul caldera in Papua New Guinea or submarine volcanoes near Tonga, such as Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai).
Interesting is the mention of Hunga Tonga as a possibility, given the climatic effects following the 2022 eruption.
Was there some kind of climatic shift at that time? Was that the year without a summer?